Loss of continental ice sheets and glacier volumes 

Increase in land above sea level as coastlines recede/regress

Sea level rise

Increase in global average air and sea surface temperatures

Temperatures on the Earth have varied throughout geologic time.

Most of the Earth’s climate history has been significantly warmer than it is currently.

The Earth’s climate has remained consistent with time.

Most of the Earth’s climate history has been significantly colder than it is currently.

Carbon cycle

Greenhouse effect

Earth's temperature

Climate change

Hydrologic cycle

Includes three cyclical alterations associated with Earth's orbit around the Sun that influence the amount of heat (solar insolation) Earth receives.

The orbital cycles include: eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. 

It influences the Carbon cycle and other chemical cycles of Earth's system.

It influences Earth’s climate over very long timespans (10s of thousands to 100s of thousands of years).

Some carbon occurs in greenhouse gases, which influence climate.

The carbon cycle influences the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, which influences climate.

The amount of carbon dissolved in seawater influences ocean temperatures, and thus climate.

Carbon in the ozone layer reflects sunlight, which influences climate.

The graph shows the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has consistently increased without any yearly variation.

The graph shows the amount of CO2 has increased from <320ppm to >400ppm in a 40 year period.

The graph is called the Keeling Curve and shows atmospheric CO2 concentrations starting in 1958. 

The graph is called the Milankovitch Curve and shows the amount of CO2 in the ocean has fluctuated greatly.

methane

nitrous oxide

water vapor

sulfur dioxide 

carbon dioxide

Past volcanic activity

Amount of oxygen put into the atmosphere in the past

Past sea level

Past global temperature

annual layers of lake sediment

annual growth rings in trees

remnant magnetism in iron-rich minerlas

growth layers in shells and corals

Epochs

Eras

Eons

Periods