A 55-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain. Gastroscopy and CT scan examinations reveals a perforating ulcer in the posterior wall of the stomach. In which area will peritonitis initially develop?

A 54 old man is complaining of glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure). His doctor prescribes Acetazolamide (a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase enzyme) to decrease the production of aqueous fluid and lower the intraocular pressure.  What is the single specific effect of this drug on enzyme catalysis?

A young man, 33 years old, is complaining of severe pain in his legs. He relates this pain to an intense workout consisting of indoor exercise-biking for two hours done 3 days prior. His family doctor attributes this pain to skeletal muscle injury and suspects presence of severe rhabdomyolysis. Which is the most specific laboratory test which is an index of skeletal muscle injury and can confirm the diagnosis of this case?

A 5-year-old child presents with severe watery diarrhea after drinking contaminated water during a family trip. Laboratory tests confirm an infection with Vibrio cholerae.

   Which term best describes actions or behaviors that violate social norms?

A 45-year-old man presents with jaundice, fatigue, and elevated liver enzymes. An ultrasound reveals a liver with irregular margins and signs of cirrhosis. A biopsy is performed, and a special stain is used to highlight the lost hepatic architecture in microscopy.

What is the most likely stain used?

A 45-year-old man has progressive difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) and chronic heartburn. An endoscopy reveals a transformation of the lower esophageal epithelium from stratified squamous to columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Disability adjusted life years is an important tool for measuring disease burden. It relies on YLL in its calculation. What does the latter term represent ?

During history taking, the patient is a migrant and mentioned is a drug addict. The doctor assumes that the patient is HIV positive and of low socio-economic class but doesn’t take any action. What is this act called?

 What does asking a patient to interpret a proverb assess in the present mental state?