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Introductory Biology-Lecture,Section-1-Spring 2025

Introductory Biology-Lecture,Section-1-Spring 2025

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Why are bacteria classified as prokaryotes?

They are large and multicellular.

They lack a nucleus and other membrane‐bound organelles.

They are always beneficial and never harmful.

They have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.

None of the mentioned

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Which statement best describes how antibiotics generally work against bacteria?

They target specific bacterial structures or processes to inhibit or kill the bacteria.

They stop bacterial mitosis.

The antibiotics kill human’s microbiota and thus depletes nutrients for pathogens.

None of the mentioned

They are not effective against viruses.

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How do vaccines help prevent certain viral infections?

They introduce a harmless component of the virus to train the immune system.

They create an active infection that is not spread uncontrolled.

None of the mentioned

They increase the likelihood of viral infection mutation.

They help the body produce antibodies against the virus.

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How do autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance differ?

Dominant mutations skip every other generation, while recessive appear in all generations.

None of the mentioned

Both are seen equally often in the same individuals.

One copy of a dominant mutant allele can cause the disorder, while recessive disorders need two copies.

Both require two mutant alleles to show a disorder.

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Which term describes bacteria that can cause illness in humans?

Photosynthetic bacteria

Saprophytic bacteria

None of the mentioned

Mutualistic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria

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Why can cytoskeletal defects lead to disease?

They help inhibit toxins that cause infections.

They can disrupt normal cell division.

None of the mentioned

They may disrupt the transport of immune cells.

They can prevent cells from maintaining proper shape.

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Why is biology important to study?

It helps with classifying animals in biosphere.

None of the mentioned

It is relevant for developing pesticides.

It explains chemical formulas used in medicine.

It helps us understand living systems, find cures for diseases, and manage resources.

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What is the role of microtubules during cell division (mitosis)?

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Which statements about Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection are accurate?

It requires that all individuals in a species be genetically identical.

None of the mentioned

Organisms with traits that help them survive may leave more offspring.

Over many generations, helpful traits can become more common in a population.

It states that acquired traits (like bone fractures or tattoo) are passed down genetically.

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Which statement best describes the scientific method?

It is a formal name for collecting animal-related data.

None of the mentioned

It is a belief system based on untested assumptions.

It is a systematic approach for observing, hypothesizing, experimenting, and drawing conclusions.

It is a process that relies purely on intuition and guesswork.

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