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Introductory Biology-Lecture,Section-1-Spring 2025

Introductory Biology-Lecture,Section-1-Spring 2025

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Which statements correctly describe functions of the cytoskeleton?

Transporting substances inside the cell

Giving shape to cells

Generating most of the cell’s ATP (energy molecules)

None of the mentioned

Helping cells move or change shape

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How does sexual reproduction increase genetic variation?

None of the mentioned

Meiosis creates gametes with different combinations of chromosomes.

It involves the fusion of two genetically distinct gametes (egg and sperm).

It produces identical offspring.

It allows each grandparent to contribute quarter of the genetic information to their grandchildren.

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Which of the following statements about plasmids are correct?

They are small, circular DNA molecules.

They can be transferred between bacteria, providing a genetic advantage.

Plasmid wrap around viruses due to their positive charge.

None of the mentioned

They are large structures found in the nucleus.

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How does a typical virus replicate?

It captures host ribosomes and expresses its protein genes.

It fuses with a cell and relies on the cell’s division.

It injects its genetic material into a host cell, directing the host’s machinery to produce new viruses.

None of the mentioned

It is internalized by a host cell and enters quiescent state inside of a vesicle unless stressful circumstances are not present anymore.

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Which of the following are generally considered characteristics that define life?

Sexual reproduction

Response to the environment

Maintenance of homeostasis

Presence of immune system

None of the mentioned

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Which organelles play a crucial role in providing energy to a cell?

None of the mentioned

Ribosomes

Ca2+ depos

Mitochondria

Lysosomes

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Which statement best defines a gene mutation?

A slight shift of the cell’s entire genome, causing cell death.

The process of transcribing DNA into RNA.

A temporary loss of all genetic material.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

None of the mentioned

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Which of the following is a common way to classify bacteria by shape?

Classifying them strictly by the diseases they cause.

Dividing them into aerobic and anaerobic groups.

Grouping them as coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod‐shaped), or spiral.

Categorizing them by presence of a nucleus.

None of the mentioned

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Why do we generally need a microscope to see most cells?

The human eye cannot resolve objects the size of typical cells.

None of the mentioned

Cells couldn’t be separated in tissues to see them individually.

Cells are brightly colored and easy to spot.

Cells might be dangerous to see with normal vision.

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Which of the following best defines the term “biology”?

None of the mentioned

The study of nonliving organisms and their properties.

The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

The study of classifying anything into kingdoms and domains.

The science that focuses on chemical reactions.

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