Cultural rise

Construction of cities

Invasion

of Genghis Khan

Increase in fertile fields

It promoted the expansion

of western influences

It

contributed to the formation of a genealogical worldview.

It led to a decline in

tribal ties and kinship.

It resulted in the

abandonment of ancestral homes.

A depiction of water

sources.

A reference to village

life.

A

resemblance to the sun and eternity.

A representation of the

moon.

rediscovery of national history, national memory and national identity

the requirement of the language policy pursued by the state

forget the history of the country when it was part of the USSR

rejection of the influence of Soviet symbols on the population

To make history more

complicated.

To create fictional

stories.

To erase historical events.

To legitimize land and territory, and for self-identification.

The preservation of

colonial symbols.

The celebration of

international events.

The rediscovery of national history, memory, and identity.

Economic progress.

Environmental degradation.

The unity of Kazakhstan's national identity.

Foreign intervention.

Cultural decline.

History revives national symbols and reinterprets myths.

History only focuses on

language and myths.

History plays a role in

economic development.

History has no role in

forming a nation.