Search,

review and critically analyse the literature

Discuss the meaning

and implications of the findings

Develop the testable

hypotheses

Analyse and report

the results

Gathering

the data

Developing

the problem

Analysing

and interpreting results

Formulating the hypothesis

Observations

inform the hypotheses

Multiple

hypotheses are formulated into a unified theory

Begins

with a theory which is then systematically tested

Begins with

multiple observations

Meta-analysis

Case study

Correlational

study

Normative

Survey

Newspaper

article, systematic review

Data

points from a meta-analysis

Interview, diary entry

Lecture

slides, textbook

Write

the literature review introduction

Write the problem statement

Consult

secondary sources

Conduct

computer-aided searches

The goal is to understand fundamental principles and theories; the

approach is explored in a laboratory

The goal is to gather data on population trends; the approach is observational and descriptive.

The

goal is to solve immediate solutions; the approach is conducted in a real-world

setting.

Formulation of new theories and innovative research methods

Continuous

testing of long-standing theories

Gradual

improvements in existing scientific methods

Alternative

interpretations that challenge normal science

Intuitive

Replicable

Logical

Empirical

Positivism assumes one objective reality and values researcher detachment, which can dismiss First Peoples' knowledge systems and perpetuate colonial patterns of treating people as objects rather than knowledge holders

Positivism focuses exclusively on qualitative storytelling methods that may not align with First Peoples' preferences for statistical evidence in healthcare decision-making

Positivism's emphasis on quantitative data collection provides the most culturally appropriate methods for understanding First Peoples' experiences and health outcomes

Positivism requires extensive community consultation and co-design of research, which makes projects too time-consuming and expensive to complete successfully