When testing the same participants in multiple conditions, i.e. a repeated-measures design, which of the following is not an order effect?

What aspect of the scientific process ensures that random assignment and random sampling are the best methods to use to reduce individual difference confounds in true experiments?

You are running an experiment to test whether having high impulsivity increases the likelihood of gambling, even in high risk situations. You have participants complete a standardised measure of impulsivity and split the participants into high and low impulsive groups based on this score. You randomly assign the members of each of the groups to either high stakes gambling (real money) or low stakes gambling (fake money) and measure the difference in how much each group gambles.

What type of variable would each of the following variables in this study be?

Impulsivity /risk level /gambling behaviour

Which of the following techniques is MOST likely to reduce systematic differences in a true experiment?

Both mere measurement effects and:

The difference between natural experiments and person-by-treatment quasi-experiments is that natural experiments:

Dr. Park identified 20 restrictive eaters (people who constantly monitor and limit their caloric intake) and 20 matched control participants. She then manipulated and randomly assigned whether each participants had or had not just consumed a high calorie milkshake prior to taking part in a “taste test” of chocolate chip cookies. She found that whereas the control participants ate fewer cookies than usual after having just consumed the shake, the restrictive eaters actually ate more. Dr. Park’s study is:

In quasi-experiments, prescreening is frequently used by researchers to:

Which of the following is an effective method for deminishing the influence of individual differences between experimental conditions?

Which is NOT an advantage that quasi-experiments have over laboratory experiments?