Type B

Type D

Type A

Combination

Type C

Sand and low or variable ground water table

Semi-stiff soil and high ground water table

Stiff and compacted soil and low ground water table

Any soil type and high ground water table

Soft sand and high ground water table

44.70

49.68

48.02

47.05

39.00

Dead load was not accounted for in the design

Defective building materials

Extra weight of a bank vault

Extra weight of cooling towers

Construction of a nearby MRT station

1.07

1.09

1.06

1.00

1.04

66

67

68

69

70

Hydraulic press-in driving is an installation method that generates the least amount of noise and vibration

It is a replacement method

It is a versatile method, allowing its installation even in a rocky ground condition

Impact hammer driving generates less noise and vibration than vibratory hammer driving

It causes a large displacement, which is its major disadvantage

Outrigger is classified as an exterior structure

Burj Khalifa is a success story in the use of rigid frame structure

Bondek is an example of a concrete structure constructed using self-compacting concrete

Diagrid is usually preferred because the structure is hidden within the building

Exterior structures perform better than interior structures in counteracting horizontal forcers

It requires smaller footprint than the open-cut method, thus suitable for a constrained area

Strutting is unnecessary during construction as the slabs act as permanent horizontal supports

It is a conventional construction method well understood by contractors since the stages of construction progress from the foundation upward

Ground surface can only be restored to its final condition until construction is complete

Greater access for material handling, plant and machinery compared to the top-down method, especially for excavation purposes

Build retaining wall --> Install prefounded columns --> Build ground floor slab --> Excavation --> Build basement slabs

Build retaining wall --> Excavation --> Build basement slabs --> Install prefounded columns --> Build ground floor slab

Excavation --> Build ground floor slab --> Build basement slabs --> Install prefounded columns --> Build retaining wall

Install prefounded columns --> Build ground floor slab --> Excavation --> Build basement slabs --> Build retaining wall

Excavation --> Build retaining wall --> Build ground floor slab --> Build basement slabs --> Install prefounded columns