Expansion and contraction caused by temperature difference

Office staff on level 28

Precast concrete panels temporary stored on level 7 before installation

A tuned mass damper

Snow on the top of the roof

46

53

60

45

48

Restricted access for material handling

Requiring an extensive strutting system to support the retaining walls

Requiring a longer construction duration

Delaying the installation of the ground slab

The depth of the basement is limited

Concrete repair specification

Dilapidation assessment pre and post demolition

Full structural survey

Avoiding destructive testing of existing concrete elements

Evaluation of the strength of existing reinforcing steel

Pile size, noise permitted, cost

Noise permitted, ground water table, pile size

Ground condition, depth, ground water level

Ground condition, noise permitted, pile size

Cost, depth, displacement

Conserving 15000 tons of embodied carbon

Saving the heritage part of the building

Reducing cost by $140 million

Reducing water usage by 20%

Reducing the construction duration by 9 months

Mass concrete wall

Slurry wall

Secant pile wall

Underpinning

Cut and cover technique

Low ductility

Lack of fire resistance quality

Weak in compression

Can only be cast in a factory

More expensive than steel

The configuration of building mass and stiffness

The number of vibration occurs within 60 seconds

The lateral forces of an earthquake on a structure

Identifying the time it takes for an object to accomplish one full cycle of vibration

It happens when the forced vibration of an object due to lateral forces matches its natural frequency

The adjacent panel will be excavated immediately after the first panel has been cast, starting from the inside bite.

To build a continuous diaphragm wall the primary precast panels are firstly inserted into the ground and spaced at a distance slightly smaller than the panel width. The secondary panels are built next to the primary ones.

It is not suitable for high water table conditions.

Diaphragm wall is a temporary reinforced concrete structure constructed panel by panel.

In the construction process of a diaphragm wall, bentonite is used to stabilise the ground before concrete is poured.