Determinism is an assumption of … criminology that states that individual differences in behaviour are rooted in

factors beyond, or not entirely within, the control of individuals.

Which one of the following options is an

assumption of positivism which states that individual differences in behaviour

are rooted in factors beyond, or at least not entirely within, the control of

individuals?

Factors such as the protection of the community as a whole,

reconciliation and

compensation, are the primary concerns of:

Serial rapists

are motived to rape by … and …

The enjoyment of warm relationships to master

the environment and to acquire a sense of belonging and competence, are linked

to … needs and conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life.

When a person is labelled as criminal, the label

becomes part of his/her personal identity and it evokes the behaviour the label signifies. This statement is linked to the … theory.

According to … theory of …, basic needs must be satisfied before one’s self-esteem can be satisfied.

Which theorist observed the need to address the

inequalities in the treatment of respectable persons who commit crime versus

people without power who offend?

The … theory focuses on the breakdown of

institutions such as the family, schools and employment in inner-city

neighbourhoods.

Which theory claims that the principles of

self-control may be used to explain all types of criminal behaviour?