Overprotection of children in an attempt to protect them from the harsh realities of life.

The overemphasis of obedience to the exclusion of the development of inner strengths and independence.

For children to gain some sense of control over the adversities that

confront them is to allow them to speak about and explore their

experiences, fears and concerns.

Reactions to a traumatic event do not have to occur immediately after the event.

Most children’s reactions to trauma are the same.

There is not much difference in children’s reactions to trauma according to their age.

A majority of stepparents can and do have a positive influence on their stepchildren’s development.

Girls seem to adjust less well to having a stepmother.

Girls adjust better to stepfather than boys.

Girls are generally more negatively affected than boys.

Regardless of the amount of necessary information given to children,

they may have a distorted perception that significantly affects their

adjustment.

If the relationship is good between the child and parent who left the

home is continuous, the negative effects of the divorce will be

lessened.

Cross race adopted children differ from same-race children in terms of

their academic achievement, psycho-social adjustment and self-esteem.

Adopted boys seem to have more difficulty than adopted girls.

The current policy and practice in South Africa favours cross-race adoption.

Article eight- Education.

Article five- Protection from Violence.

Article seven- Health and Welfare.

emotional neglect

emotional abuse

physical abuse