A hydrologist applies a focal raster operation using a 3 × 3 neighbourhood window to a DEM. What is the MOST likely purpose of this operation? / ’n Hidroloog pas ’n fokale rasterbewerking toe met behulp van ’n 3 × 3-buurvenster op ’n DEM. Wat is die MEES waarskynlike doel van hierdie bewerking?

Why may Euclidean distance sometimes provide unrealistic results? / Waarom kan Euklidiese afstand soms onrealistiese resultate lewer?

An historian is spatially investigating the Gettysburg War and needs to conduct spatial analysis on a historical paper map that has been scanned. What process (first step) would be used to import the scanned map into a GIS and ensure it correctly aligns with its real-world geographic location? / ’n Historikus ondersoek die Gettysburg-oorlog ruimtelik en moet ruimtelike analise uitvoer op ’n historiese papierkaart wat geskandeer is. Watter proses (eerste stap) sal gebruik word om die geskandeerde kaart in ’n GIS in te voer en te verseker dat dit korrek met sy werklike geografiese ligging belyn?

Which raster operation calculates statistics for predefined regions or areas? / Watter rasterbewerking bereken statistiek vir voorafbepaalde streke of areas?

A municipality wants to identify suitable areas for a new landfill site. The site must: / ’n Munisipaliteit wil geskikte gebiede vir ’n nuwe stortingsterrein identifiseer. Die terrein moet:

• be more than 500 m from rivers, /meer as 500 m vanaf riviere wees
• avoid steep slopes, / steil hellings vermy
• and occur on soils with low agricultural potential. / en op gronde met lae landboupotensiaal voorkom

Which GIS workflow would be MOST appropriate? / Watter GIS-werkvloei sal die MEES geskikte wees?

Which statistical measure best represents the middle value in an ordered dataset? / Watter statistiese maatstaf verteenwoordig die middelste waarde in ’n geordende datastel die beste?

Slope derived from a DEM represents: / Helling afgelei vanaf ’n DEM verteenwoordig:

Question / Vraag 1 [10 ]

A municipality plans to identify suitable locations for a new eco-tourism lodge development.

The municipality wants to:

• avoid steep slopes,
• remain within 2 km of major roads,
• avoid flood-prone river zones,
• and prioritise areas with scenic mountain views.

Available datasets:

• DEM
• Rivers
• Roads
• Land use
• Existing settlements

1.1 (2)

Identify TWO datasets from the list above that would be most important for this analysis and briefly explain why each dataset is required.

1.2 (4)

Explain the GIS workflow that could be used to identify areas within 2 km of roads while excluding flood-prone river zones.

Your answer should include:

• the GIS tools used,
• and the purpose of each operation.

1.3 (4)

Explain how raster analysis could be used to identify scenic mountainous areas suitable for eco-tourism.

Your answer should refer to:

• slope,
• aspect

’n Munisipaliteit beplan om geskikte liggings vir ’n nuwe eko-toerisme-lodge-ontwikkeling te identifiseer.

Die munisipaliteit wil:

·       steil hellings vermy,

·       binne 2 km van hoofpaaie bly,

·       vloedgevoelige riviergebiede vermy,

·       en gebiede met skilderagtige berguitsigte prioritiseer.

Beskikbare datastelle:

·       DEM

·       Riviere

·       Paaie

·       Grondgebruik

·       Bestaande nedersettings

1.1 (2)

1.2 (4)

Jou antwoord moet die volgende insluit:

1.3 (4)

Jou antwoord moet verwys na:

Which vector analysis tool is best suited for identifying areas within 100 m of a river? / Watter vektor-analise-instrument is die geskikste om gebiede binne 100 m van ’n rivier te identifiseer?

Which overlay operation keeps only areas common to both input layers? / Watter oorleggingsbewerking behou slegs gebiede wat gemeenskaplik aan beide insetlae is?