Industrial ecology attempts to mimic natural ecosystems by minimizing waste and optimizing resource flows between industries.

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

Systems thinking in sustainable engineering emphasizes analyzing individual components separately rather than considering system interactions.

Eco-efficiency focuses on producing fewer goods using more resources to reduce economic pressure.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 and aim to be achieved by 2030.

Strong sustainability argues that natural capital should not decrease below a critical threshold.

Weak sustainability assumes that natural capital can be replaced by human-made capital under certain conditions.

Ecological footprint measures the amount of biologically productive land and water required to support human consumption.

Environmental protection and sustainable development have identical goals and approaches.

Sustainable development means meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.