Pharmacists provide less accurate medication history compared to other healthcare professionals

Pharmacists play a crucial role in providing accurate and reliable medication history. 

Pharmacists are not involved in obtaining medication history

Pharmacists' involvement in obtaining medication history is optional and not essential.

To disregard the patient's medication history and start new drugs

To solely rely on the patient's memory and verbal account

To rush through the reconciliation process and save time

To establish a foundation for accurate comparison with other sources

Maximizing adverse drug events (ADEs)

Minimizing communication between healthcare providers

 Ensuring patient safety and preventing adverse drug events (ADEs)

Decreasing patient engagement

Communicate with Healthcare Providers/Patient, Follow-up and Monitoring, Gather Information, Review Current Medications, Assess Medication History, Identify Discrepancies, Document Findings, Provide Patient Education

Assess Medication History, Review Current Medications, Gather Information, Identify Discrepancies, Document Findings, Communicate with Healthcare Providers/Patient, Provide Patient Education, Follow-up and Monitoring

Gather Information, Review Current Medications, Assess Medication History, Identify Discrepancies, Document Findings, Communicate with Healthcare Providers/Patient, Provide Patient Education, Follow-up and Monitoring

Review Current Medications, Gather Information, Assess Medication History, Document Findings, Identify Discrepancies, Communicate with Healthcare Providers/Patient, Provide Patient Education, Follow-up and Monitoring

Evidence obtained from a single, well-conducted, and well-designed randomized controlled trial

Evidence based on expert opinion or consensus guidelines

 Evidence derived from observational studies and cohort studies

Evidence obtained from a meta-analysis of multiple, well-conducted, and well-designed randomized trials

Defining a clinically relevant question → Searching for the best evidence → Critically appraising the evidence → Applying the evidence → Evaluating the performance of EBM

Searching for the best evidence → Defining a clinically relevant question → Applying the evidence → Critically appraising the evidence → Evaluating the performance of EBM

Defining a clinically relevant question → Searching for the best evidence → Critically appraising the evidence → Evaluating the performance of EBM → Applying the evidence

Evaluating the performance of EBM → Searching for the best evidence → Defining a clinically relevant question → Applying the evidence → Critically appraising the evidence

Ensure the ethical conduct of clinical trials

 Determine the statistical significance of study results

Assess the credibility, relevance, and applicability of research findings

Identify the sample size and methodology of a study

To design randomized controlled trials

To determine the cost-effectiveness of a treatment

To assess whether research findings are valid, reliable, and applicable to patient care

To collect data from patient case reports

When a drug reaches the end of its patent life

When a medication becomes available over-the-counter (OTC)

When a drug has no reported adverse events during pre-marketing trials

When a new chemical entity or a new class of medicine is introduced, especially if it has a history of potential adverse effects

Drug Utilization Review (DUR)

Pharmacoeconomics

 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Clinical Trial