Homeostasis and thermoregulation

Prerna

weighs approximately 50 kg. During her practice session, her smartwatch tracked

the calories burned and estimated sweat loss. Sweat is produced by sweat glands

and is primarily composed of water, electrolytes (such as sodium and chloride),

and some waste products. As sweat is secreted, plasma volume decreases,

prompting the body to shift water from the interstitial fluid into the plasma

to maintain circulation.

Physical

exercise also causes an increase in body temperature, making thermoregulation

essential. The body's internal temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus,

which detects changes and triggers responses to restore balance.

The

graph below illustrates how the hypothalamus detects temperature changes and

triggers an effector response. The accompanying diagram shows how an artery

constricts (vasoconstriction) or dilates (vasodilation) in response to

temperature regulation. Pick the best options relating to the interstitial

fluid, and by the effector response points (A and B) in the graph with their

effects on blood vessels.