Researchers refused to engage with knowledge systems, viewing them as unscientific and irrelevant to academic pursuits and research objectives

Researchers obtained knowledge about plants, wildlife, land use, and kinship from First Peoples and used it to advance careers, rarely informing communities of findings or ensuring they benefited

Researchers established formal partnerships with communities that included profit-sharing agreements when traditional knowledge led to commercial or scientific breakthroughs

Researchers carefully documented traditional knowledge with permission, ensuring communities retained ownership and received recognition for intellectual contributions to science