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Q7. Voltage Regulator
The circuit below is a voltage regulator and produces a stabilized output voltage. The circuit incorporates a transistor Q1 in an emitter-follower configuration within the feedback loop. The transistor's role is to supply the load with a current greater than what can be achieved with the op-amp alone. Simultaneously, a Zener diode Z1 provides a stable input voltage Vz to the non-inverting terminal of the op-amp. The resistor
R_1 maintains the Zenor diode in its operating region and hence stable
Vz - the operational amplifier functions as a voltage comparator. Find the output voltage
V_{out}, when
V_{in} > V_{z}.