Mr Jones, a clinical psychologist, says that abnormal behaviour can only be identified and understood if the individual’s cultural context is considered. Mr Jansen, a clinical psychologist, says: Abnormal behaviour is consistent across different cultures and as such, uniform treatment can be applied to all individuals irrespective of their racial and cultural background. Mr Jones adopts a - - - - - approach to abnormal behaviour, whereas Mr Jansen adopts a/an - - - - - approach to abnormal behaviour.”