Gloria is a 33-year-old artist. Volatile emotional reactions, distressing fluctuations and instability in self-image, relationships and mood characterise her style of functioning in the past 19 years. Interpersonal conflicts often lead to self-destructive behaviour. Maria, a 21-year-old administrative officer, has had many mild episodes of mood swings over the past 26 months. Her fluctuating mood disturbance involves numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms. Her functioning is moderately impaired. She has never experienced a hypomanic or major depressive episode. According to the DSM-5-TR classification system, Gloria’s abnormal behaviour could be classified as - - - - - and Maria’s abnormal behaviour as - - - - -.

The three main categories of Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs) listed in the DSM-5-TR are - - - - - ​.

- - - - - refers to our emotional state or our prevailing frame of mind.

Strokes damaging the left hemisphere of the brain typically affect - - - - -, as well as physical movement on the right half of the body; whereas strokes occurring within the right hemisphere can - - - - - in addition to impairing motor movement on the left side of the body.

- - - - - is a Neurocognitive Disorder characterised by an acute state of confusion involving diminished awareness, disorientation, and impaired attentional skills.

- - - - - can be described as a process whereby plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and reducing the blood flow to areas of the brain supplied by these arteries.

Which statement best describes the relationship between Schizophrenia and socioeconomic level?

Kai is a 39-year-old bank employee. Kai has been described by his colleagues and management as a well-spoken, tidy employee who is always polite and eager to assist his clients. However, over the last two weeks Kai’s behaviour has changed markedly. He refuses to use the bathrooms at work, explaining that the newly installed hand dryers pull thoughts from his head out through his hands. Upon a colleague’s suggestion that he need not use the hand dryers but the paper towels provided in the bathroom, Kai became irate, accusing his colleague of conspiring against him. Kai has become progressively difficult to understand, often confusing customers with his responses. If Kai's symptoms persist for the next four months. The company psychologist would give a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of - - - - -?

The loosening of associations in Schizophrenia is an example of a - - - - - symptom and is also referred to as - - - - -.

Ephraim is diagnosed with Schizophrenia. The symptom of his inability to experience pleasure with previously enjoyed experiences, such as spending time with his family and with his friends at the shebeen, is known as - - - - -.