The sequence is determined by measuring the length of DNA fragments as they pass through a detector

Each nucleotide has a unique fluorescent signal, allowing the sequence to be read in real time

Fluorescently labeled nucleotides are incorporated into the DNA strand, and their emission signals are captured by a camera

The flow cell generates raw electrical signals, which are converted into sequences without fluorescence

DNA sequencing occurs through a process called "sequencing by synthesis," where nucleotides are added one at a time