The article describes a self-reinforcing cycle: mafias corrupt officials to win tenders, officials disrupt water access to create demand for mafias, mafias sabotage repairs to extend contracts, and failed programmes ensure ongoing demand. Apply the concept of pervasiveness and the fraud triangle to explain why this cycle is so difficult to break.

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The cycle is only hard to break because of the pervasive violence used to intimidate communities, thus limiting their opportunities to blow the whistle.

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The cycle is hard to break only because the NPA (National Prosecuting Authority) is pervasively too slow to prosecute cases, thus allowing the mafias to rationalise their crime.

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Throughout, opportunity is maintained by institutional capture of procurement systems, greed provides constant motivation and rationalisation is normalised through a culture where corruption is expected.

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The pervasiveness is not unusually high compared to other forms of government corruption in South Africa, thus making the impact relatively low.

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The cycle is hard to break because the water crisis itself is too large for any government to fix, thus allowing people to rationalise.

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The article describes a self-reinforcing cycle: mafias corrupt officials to win ...

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