Testing protocols required researchers to live within communities for extended periods to understand cultural context before making any assessments about cognitive or social functioning

Intelligence tests designed for European populations were used to assess First Peoples, and when they performed poorly, this was incorrectly interpreted as evidence of inferior intelligence rather than recognising the tests' cultural bias

Tests were administered in multiple First Peoples languages to ensure accurate assessment of cognitive abilities across diverse linguistic groups and cultural contexts

Psychological assessments were co-designed with First Peoples Elders to incorporate traditional knowledge systems and culturally appropriate measures of intelligence and capability