Only political instability causes low growth; the reverse is ruled out.

The author finds that instability always improves efficiency by reallocating capital.

Instability matters only through population growth.

Instability may destroy human capital, weaken investment incentives, and also be a consequence of slow growth.

Female and primary education have been proven economically unproductive.

The results may reflect poor educational proxies and difficulties identifying the underlying relationship.

The findings prove that school enrolment causes economic growth only for men.

Governments should therefore eliminate spending on primary education.

Robustness is irrelevant because growth efficiency can be observed directly.

A stringent robustness test identified initial income per head and the saving rate as consistently significant, although other researchers questioned such strict criteria.

Education spending was the only variable consistently robust across all studies.

A variable significant in one specification must be a robust determinant of growth.

Both figures show a strong and identical negative relationship.

The Gini plot shows virtually no relationship, while the 20/20 ratio suggests a weak negative association.

Both plots prove that inequality causes economic stagnation.

The Gini plot shows a strong positive relationship, while the 20/20 plot shows none.