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At a wedding, 45 of 120 guests developed vomiting and diarrhoea within 24 hours. The guest list and menu are available, and investigators compare attack rates between guests who did and did not eat each dish. Which study design is this?
In a shigellosis outbreak, 12 people in 12 different households became ill (primary cases). The 12 households have 60 people in total. One incubation period later, 16 more household members became ill. What is the secondary attack rate?
A health official says a disease can only be prevented after every one of its causes has been identified. According to the causal pies model, which response is best?
A new screening programme for hypertension finds many more cases than were previously recorded, so recorded prevalence rises sharply. What is the best interpretation?
A city with a mid-year population of 150,000 recorded 1,200 deaths from all causes in one year. What is the crude death rate?
A new drug lets patients with a chronic disease live much longer, but it does not cure them. The incidence of the disease does not change. What is the most likely effect on prevalence?
"The progression of a disease process in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment." This definition represents:
In the 1854 cholera outbreak, cases were already falling before the pump handle was removed on 8 September. A sceptic says the removal therefore proved nothing. Which evaluation is best?
Country X has a higher crude death rate than Country Y, although Country X has a much younger population. Why should the two crude death rates not be compared directly?
"The average number of years that a newborn is expected to live if current mortality rates continue to apply." This definition represents: