General adaptation syndrome

Palliative coping

Allostatic load

Goodness of fit hypothesis

A profound sense of lost childhood

Overattachment to peers in adolescence

Difficulty forming professional goals in early

adulthood

Heightened intellectual development as a coping

mechanism

Slower response times for addiction related

words in addiction-prone individuals

Slower response times for all words in addiction-prone

individuals

Faster response times for all words in

addiction-prone individuals

Faster response times for addiction related

words in addiction-prone individuals

Clients show stronger outcomes when therapist

and client share similar attachment patterns, leading to greater mutual

understanding

Stronger therapeutic outcomes occur when clients

and therapists have

Therapy is most effective when therapists

maintain a disengaged attachment style regardless of the client’s presentation

Matching attachment tendencies between therapist

and client helps build faster emotional rapport

When therapeutic goals are not clearly defined

after the first few sessions

When the therapist feels the client is not

engaging with the therapy in any meaningful way

When the client expresses strong emotional

reactions early in treatment

When the client relies too heavily on homework

assignments

Offer practical advice frequently to help them

regain control

Help them identify what triggered the trauma

Encourage them to move on quickly so they don’t

dwell on their symptoms

Avoid trying to “fix” their feelings—instead,

offer patience, understanding, and a listening ear

Biological processes

Health behaviours

Emotions

Personality vulnerability factors

A tacit agreement to avoid emotionally painful

material, such as trauma and attachment-related distress

The therapist reinforcing the client’s negative

self-beliefs in an attempt to build rapport

The client and therapist prematurely terminating

therapy

The therapist mirroring the client’s

communication style to facilitate alliance

Flashbacks, avoidance of external reminders, and

hypervigilance

Hallucinations, delusions, and severe

disorientation

Obsessive thoughts, compulsive behaviours, and

heightened irritability

Disturbances in identity, difficulty trusting

self and others, chronic fear of relationships, and feelings of betrayal

A heightened sense of countertransference

clarity

A rupture in the therapeutic alliance that

requires immediate repair

Some degree of ambivalence, which may trigger

defensive rebound effects

A tendency to overidentify with the client’s

trauma