Molly

Sam

All three will have an equal influence on Jack

Jim

Avoiding social interaction in order to

self-regulate more effectively

Focusing only on personal responsibility rather

than relationships

Gaining complete closure about the traumatic

event

Rebuilding a sense of faith in

humanity—recognizing that while some people cause harm, not all people do

Dopamine

GABA

Serotonin

Norepinephrine

Emotional distancing to prevent retraumatization

Goal setting, to re-establish a sense of agency

and future focus

Mourning, as it is essential for processing both

acknowledged and unacknowledged emotions

Cognitive reframing of traumatic beliefs

Alarm

Exhaustion

Compensation

Resistance

Comprehension, integration, retention

Encoding, storage, retrieval

Attention, perception, recall

Registration, consolidation, repetition

Directing attention to attachment-related

material risks straining the therapeutic alliance and disrupting the client’s

sense of being understood

Avoidant defenses need to be taken down as

quickly as possible

Addressing these defenses is never recommended

Avoidant defenses are typically associated with

neurobiological impairments that reduce insight capacity

Cocaine

Marijuana

Alcohol

Heroin

fornix

amygdala

thalamus

hippocampus

The length of time the client spent in therapy

The specific therapeutic techniques used by the

clinician

The client’s initial level of motivation for

treatment

The relationship factors such as the alliance

between the clinician and client