It

ignored the role of cognitive processes in mental health.

It was too focused on infectious disease.

It

considered all illness to be purely genetic.

It

lacked methodological rigour and overemphasised personality factors.

It

neglected the biological basis of illness.

Isolation

for self-reflection

Engagement

in activities (that create a sense of flow)

Strict

adherence to routine

Material

success and wealth

Avoidance

of negative emotions

Prioritizing

majority group norms to maintain consistency in care

Ensuring

all clients receive identical treatment plans regardless of background

Focusing

on cultural differences when working with international populations

Recognizing

and valuing individual differences while creating environments where all people

feel respected, supported, and able to fully participate

Avoiding

discussions of identity to maintain neutrality in therapy

Because

equity requires fewer resources than equality.

Because

equality ensures that only students with diagnosed conditions receive support.

Because equality is more effective in addressing systemic inequalities.

Because

equity focuses on academic performance, not mental health.

Because

equality treats everyone the same, while equity involves adjusting support to

meet different needs and reduce disparities.

Resilience

Languishing

Burnout

Flow

Depression

An

approach that prioritizes popular opinion and client demand over scientific

evidence.

A

therapeutic approach that relies solely on a psychologist’s personal experience

and intuition.

The

integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the

context of patient characteristics,

culture, and preferences.

A

method of treatment that strictly follows historical psychological theories

regardless of new findings.

The

practice of using only treatments approved by insurance companies and

regulatory agencies.

Cognitive

dissonance

Cultural

assimilation

Social

identity theory

Intersectionality

Minority

Stress Theory

Emphasizing intermittent fasting to enhance

neural regeneration.

Focusing on high-sugar fruits to increase mental energy.

Combining elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets to

promote brain health through foods like leafy greens, berries, and whole

grains.

Prioritizing

high-protein, low-carb meals to boost cognitive performance.

Eliminating all fats to prevent cognitive

decline.

Emphasising

the helper’s expertise over the client’s experiences

Engaging

in one-sided conversation to establish authority.

Providing

immediate advice when a client expresses distress.

Using

collaborative language, such as “we” or “our”

Using

vague, indirect language to avoid sensitive topics.

Program

evaluations to assess the effectiveness of community-based interventions.

Laboratory

experiments focused on individual cognitive processes in controlled settings.

Participatory

action research involving collaboration with community members to address local

issues.

Needs assessments to identify gaps in

community services and resources.

Qualitative studies exploring lived experiences of

marginalized groups within their communities.