Dynamic equivalence and pragmatic equivalence both:

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Why does equivalence not fully solve the problem raised in Unit 3?

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A translation produces:

-identical referential meaning

-altered cultural resonance

-different audience positioning

Which combination best describes the situation?

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Newmark defends literal translation only when:

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Equivalence historically emerges as a dominant paradigm after World War II due to:

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Match the equivalence type to its defining feature.

If translation in Unit 3 was defined as an ontological event, equivalence in Unit 4 functions as:

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ST: “Freedom is not given; it is taken”.

Which translation intensifies pragmatic force?

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A translation memory suggests a previously used technical term. The translator rejects it because the new audience is non-specialist. According to Pym, what is being renegotiated?

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In multilingual institutional translation, strict terminological consistency is enforced across projects. Which theoretical tension becomes visible?

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