A translation of a legal treaty must ensure identical legal force across 24 language versions. Which equivalence levels become dominant?

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Match the theorist to the core problem their model attempts to solve.

Which assumptions underlie Nida’s concept of “equivalent effect”?

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Two translations preserve referential meaning but generate different ideological implications. Which equivalence level has shifted?

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If equivalence stabilizes meaning only temporarily, what logically follows in Translation Studies?

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A German public health campaign reads: “Rauchen gefährdet Ihre Gesundheit.”

The translator renders it as: “Smoking kills.”

Which model best explains this decision?

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A translator replaces a culturally opaque biblical metaphor with an explanatory phrase to ensure comprehension. Which theoretical tension is activated?

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Equivalence affects translator agency by:

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If equivalence depends on context, what logically follows in translation theory?

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Equivalence is best understood as:

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