The protein signaling molecule that comes from outside of the embryo and instructs the epiblast to begin releasing signaling molecules (such as wnt and nodal) during embryonic development is known as:

Which of the following is NOT derived from the inner cell mass?

Which of the following is NOT a germ layer?

Which key transcription factors are involved in the differentiation of the inner cell mass into the epiblast and hypoblast?

Which is an example of totipotent?

Lateral inhibition by neurons sending inhibitory signals to neighbouring cells so they become glial cells is an example of:

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the endodermal layer?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of mesenchymal stem cells?

How does a ‘BH3-mimetic’ induce apoptosis? In

your answer, include a description of the major mechanisms involved leading to

apoptosis from Bcl-2 family proteins to Caspase 3 cleavage

6 marks

Identify a test/experiment used in one of the

papers to detect apoptosis. How does this test confirm apoptosis over necrosis?

Why is this important

4 marks