2.500

2.501

2.50

2.5

Direct

Competitive

Sandwich 

Indirect

There are multiple pathways that can be triggered by binding to the same target structure.

There are multiple independent pathways that behave individually but result in a similar outcome.

It is highly specific and relies on learning and remembering past exposure to microbes.

There are multiple pathways that once triggered lead to the same effector function.

Are all identical because they bind nucleic acids.

 Capitalise on the process that occurs within the endosome to expose defined structures.

Match those found on the cell surface to capture escaped microbes.

Are quite varied and as a whole bind to a large range of different types of structures.

The pathogen epitopes that are presented to both the CD4 and CD8 T cells will be identical to enhance effector functions.

The expansion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells is about equal to provide a targeted and specific response.

It is the role of the CD4 T cell once activated to then present antigen to naive CD8 T cells to drive activation and the generation of CTLs.

CD8 T cell expansion will outnumber CD4 T cell expansion due to the effector function of CTLs compared to T helper cells.