Chloroplasts require many proteins for normal function in the cell. Where are these proteins encoded?

Refer to the bacterial growth data above presented in the workshop.

Using only the following terms, fill in the blanks (you can copy and paste the terms between commas):

acetate, acetate utilisation,  arginine, arginine utilisation, glucose, glucose utilisation,  glycerol, glycerol utilisation, histidine, histidine utilisation, destruction, no growth, robust growth, partial growth, DNA repair, carbon utilisation, nitrogen utilisation, gain no new information, determine a redundancy in function, observe that together they are essential genes

NOTE: not all the above terms are required, some may be used more than once and all terms must be spelled correctly (excluding the commas) to be marked as correct.

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When gene C is deleted we observe no growth when is the sole source in the media, with partial growth when exposed to only as a source in the media. When the gene C mutant is exposed to only glycerol as a carbon source we observe of the cells. The function of gene E appears to be related to . When observing the phenotype of the gene D mutant, it appears to be essential for .

From the result of the A&B double mutant across the growth conditions compared to the single mutants, we can .

From the result of the B&C double mutant across the growth conditions compared to the single mutants, we can .

If a scientist carried out a growth experiment on a prokaryote in media without a carbon source you would expect:

You place a cell without any osmotic homeostasis mechanisms into a solution of NaCl that is at a much higher concentration than that inside the cell. What is the likely effect on the cell structure?

Which of the following makeup of cellular membranes would be most likely best suited to COLD temperatures?

Consider the above data when filling in the blanks for the following questions.

A scientist measures the cell volume of S. aureus cells in various NaCl solutions. She measures three different cell types, shown by the black (1st), blue (2nd) and red bars (3rd). One cell type is “wild type” S. aureus. The other two cell types have each had a gene deleted. These genes each encode a different sodium transporter membrane protein.

Which data most likely represents the cell volume of the wild type S. aureus?

In those cells that have shrunk, the water has transferred from

Based on these data, the cell type represented by the blue bars (2^nd group)

Based on your knowledge about eukaryotic evolution, which these statements about the evolution and function of mitochondria is true?

Based on current evidence, one of the earliest events leading from the first eukaryotic common ancestor to the modern eukaryotic cell would be:

What aspect could you look at in a plant cell to determine if a chloroplast underwent secondary endosymbiosis?