A patient presents to the emergency department with a hernia. The hernia is felt superior to the pubic tubercle. It cannot be distinguished from the spermatic cord. What type of hernia is this most likely to be?

The above image is a posterior view of the right inferior anterior abdominal wall (i.e. looking forwards from the inside). It relates to the following 2 questions. What are structures B and C, respectively?

A surgeon is trying to design a device to treat patients with portal hypertension. They want to connect the hepatic portal system to a systemic vein with a tube, in order to decrease the portal pressure (and therefore the amount of potential bleeding from oesophageal varices). Which two vessels could be joined to achieve that aim?

You note that this structure looks a bit abnormal, and recall that this could be due to a congenital anomaly during development.  What is the structure and what is it derived from developmentally?

A patient is admitted to hospital for ascending cholangitis (common bile duct inflammation secondary to infection and gallstones). An endoscope is passed to the 2nd part of the duodenum to treat this condition and to access the common bile duct. What is the most proximal structure the endoscopist may notice on the wall of this portion of duodenum?

Following a workplace accident, a 57-year old patient is diagnosed with a prolapsed nucleus pulposus (prolapsed disc) of the lumbar spine with L1 nerve root compression..  Which of the following may be observed clinically?

The surgeon has been able to determine that the bleeding is coming from the liver, but the bleeding continues to occur despite clamping of the liver inflow vessels. Which blood vessel(s) is(are) most likely to have been damaged?

A patient is admitted to hospital with abdominal pain in the setting of a motor vehicle accident, and undergoes an urgent exploratory laparotomy (abdominal surgery). Upon opening the abdomen, the surgeon finds a great deal of blood, which is believed to be coming from the liver. Which structure could be clamped in order to stop blood flow to the liver?

The lesser omentum is primarily towards the right of the stomach due to the growth of which structure during development?

A 68 year-old man is diagnosed with cancer of the upper rectal canal. As part of his preoperative workup, a staging CT scan is performed. Where would the surgical team first look for metastases via venous spread?