the final polished product

a failed prototype

a version with minimum features to test value

a complete prototype

insights informing design improvements

no negative feedback

users struggle with tasks

prototype looks perfect

broad and vague

focused only on profit

user-centered

focused on technology

collaboration

brainstorming

open mindset

fear of failure

how products are manufactured

how the business earns money

how employees are paid

how data is stored

radical change

disruptive ideas

technology shift

small improvements

it is cheaper

it focuses on commercialization

it avoids risk

it is faster

One-time activity

Structured steps from idea to market

Only research-based

Linear and fixed

Creating something new

Improving existing ideas to create value

Copying competitors

Selling products