A decision made by a company that affects its securities

To provide personal loans

To provide financial advisory and underwriting services for companies

To manage consumer credit


Retail investors

Asset managers

Investment banks

Stockbrokers

The regulatory approval process

The guarantee by investment banks to purchase unsold shares

The marketing strategy for the IPO

The process of selling shares to the public

A presentation to potential investors to generate interest

A marketing campaign after the IPO

The period when shares are traded in the secondary market

A regulatory review process

It involves the issuance of new securities

It allows investors to sell securities they already own

It provides liquidity to investors

It allows for price discovery

 Institutional and retail investors

 Government agencies

Investment banks

Secondary market investors