When the scientific establishment has failed to falsify a hypothesis for a long time, what does it start to be called?

You read in a journal article “our estimate of 3 is statistically significant (p=0.05)”. The authors give no other information. What was the authors null hypothesis?

We reject a null-hypothesis about a population mean at the standard significance level of 5%. If we make this same decision many times, on how many occasions would we be incorrect?

We have a null-hypothesis that a population mean is equal to zero. We will reject it at the standard significance level of 5%. We take a sample and discover a sample-mean of 10. The p-value is 0.23. Do we reject the null-hypothesis?

Many teams are trying to discover the percentage of squirrels in the wild who can juggle. The true percentage is 0.001%, which would take a very large sample to detect. The only published works suggest the percentages are between 1 and 3%. What could this issue be an example of?

Is the following hypothesis falsifiable? “All people are mortal”

You are hired by a company to write a report. The report must use normal sampling and normal hypothesis testing. The report must also reject the hypothesis that people dislike eating sand. Is this possible?

Put the scientific steps in order

We record the happiness of people using a 1 to 10 scale. What kind of data is this?

We record data on the number of cars in a carpark. What kind of data is this?