The fallacies of illicit transference involve the incorrect transference of an attribute from the parts of something to the whole, or from the whole onto the parts.

The following is an example of the fallacy of ___.

Humanitarian groups have argued in favor of housing for the poor. Apparently what they want is another high-density project. Unfortunately, these projects have been tried in the past and have failed. In no time they turn into ghettos with astronomical rates of crime and delinquency. Chicago’s Cabrini-Green is a prime example. Clearly, these humanitarian arguments are not what they seem.

The following can be best described as committing _____:

Recent studies have shown that conventional food has the same vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other nutrients as organic food. Therefore, it’s just as good

to eat conventional food as organic food.

The following is an example of the fallacy of _____.

Defendant:

“Judge, I’m not lying here. I’m a religious person, and religious people do not

lie.”

Judge:

“How do I know you are a religious person?”

Defendant:

“Because I would never lie.”

The fallacy of equivocation arises from a syntactical (sentence structure) confusion in a statement.

The fallacy of _____ is committed when a disjunctive ("either... or...") premise presents two unlikely alternatives as if the were the only ones available, and the arguer then eliminates the undesirable alternative, leaving the desirable ones as the conclusion.

e.g. "Either you let me attend the Pink concert or I'll be miserable for the rest of my life. I know you don't want me to be miserable for the rest of my life, so it follows that you'll let me attend the concert."

When the premises of an argument state that nothing has been proved one way or the other about something, and the conclusion then makes a definite assertion about that thing, the argument commits _____.

e,g. "People have been trying for centuries to provide conclusive evidence for the claim of astrology, and no one has ever succeeded. Therefore, we must conclude that astrology is a lot of nonsense."

The following is an example of _____ fallacy.

e.g. "Immediate steps should be taken to outlaw pornography

once and for all. The continued manufacture and sale of pornographic material

will almost certainly lead to an increase in sex-related crimes such as rape

and incest. This in turn will gradually erode the moral fabric of society and

result in an increase in crimes of all sorts. Eventually a complete

disintegration of law and order will occur, leading in the end to the total

collapse of civilization."

Informal fallacies are those that can be detected by examining the content of an argument.