neutrophil is the most common type of leukocyte and measures 10-12 micrometers

The most common type of leukocyte contains  three segments in the nucleus

normally, they are contained in the blood in the amount of 4000-10 000 per microliter

basophile contains heparin and histamine in its granules

Ability to capture the heterogeneity

of different metastatic foci in a single blood sample

Ability to determine a complex

picture of the tumor microenvironment

Minimal invasiveness of sampling and

the related possibility of repeated analyzes and monitoring of disease

development in almost real time

The ability to detect minimal

residual disease that may be present after primary tumor surgery with curative

intent

Conventional tumor biomarkers

Circulating non-coding RNAs

Circulating tumor cells

Circulating tumor DNA

Determination of KRAS mutations in

colorectal cancer

None of the above answers are

correct

Determination of predictive EGFR

mutations in lung cancer

Determination of HER2/neu expression

in breast cancer

Determination of minimal residual

disease (MMR) after primary tumor surgery with curative intent and early

identification of possible recurrence

Refinement of the patient's

prognosis

Monitoring the development of the

disease and the response to treatment

Minimally invasive molecular

profiling of the tumor and search for possible therapeutic targets

Changes in blood counts (eg

increased sedimentation, leukocytosis)

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)

Conventional tumor biomarkers (eg

CEA, CA19-9)

Difficult determination of some

important predictive biomarkers (eg increased HER2/neu expression in breast

cancer)

Impossibility to detect complex

relationships of tumor tissue and its immediate surroundings (tumor

microenvironment)

From the patient's perspective,

the need for more burdensome medical intervention

More difficult validation and

standardization of various methodological procedures

Tumor cell necrosis

Tumor cell apoptosis

None of the above answers are

correct

Active secretion from a living tumor

cell

Surface antigens (eg EpCAM

positivity and at the same time CD45 negativity)

Molecular genetic markers (eg

aneuploidy)

Physical properties (eg size)

Appearance under a classic

microscope

Urine

Pleural effusion

Cerebrospinal fluid

Peripheral venous blood