3′-CCG-5′

3′-UUC-5′

3′-AGA-5′

3′-UCU-5′

3′-CCC-5′

5′-AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT-3′

5′-TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG-3′

3′-AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA-5′

3′-AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA-5′

Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place

Transfer RNA takes information from DNA directly to a ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place

DNA from a single gene is replicated and transferred to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

Histone proteins in the chromosomes transfer information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place

bind activator proteins

bind mediator proteins

bind DNA bending proteins

bind RNA polymerase

transcription and translation occur simultaneously

translation in the absence of a ribosome

post-transcriptional splicing

gene splicing

It joins a tRNA to a specific amino acid based on the tRNA's anticodon

It causes the release of the large ribosomal subunit from the small ribosomal subunit

It causes the release of the empty tRNA from the E site of the ribosome

It causes the bond between the polypeptide chain and tRNA in the ribosome P-site to break

3′-CCG-5′

3′-UUC-5′

3′-AGA-5′

3′-UCU-5′

3′-CCC-5′

anticodons

several transcription factors

ribosomes and tRNA

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Capping of the 5' end

Binding of transcription factors

Addition of a poly-A tail (polyadenylation)

Exon splicing

Co-repressor

Inducer

Activator

Promoter