Dietary fatty acids that are not used as a fuel source are stored as triglycerides for later use in the body.

To break down fatty acids to obtain energy, the stored triglycerides must be mobilised. This happens through the process of lipolysis.

During starvation or intense exercise, a drop in blood glucose levels is detected by hormones such as glucagon and epinephrine, which signals the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase in adipocytes. This leads to the hydrolyses of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids.

These free fatty acids are carried in the blood bound to which protein?

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Before a fatty acid can be broken down to produce energy, it must first be activated by adding a coenzyme A group.

Which statement about fatty acid activation is incorrect?

Carnitine is extremely important for β-oxidation. Without it, the activated fatty acid will not be able to enter the mitochondrial matrix where the process of β-oxidation takes place. 

Which statement about carnitine is incorrect?

Xenical is a weight-loss drug that works by inhibiting pancreatic lipase enzymes.

What are some functions of cholesterol in the body?

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In the enterocytes, the free fatty acids from the micelles are resynthesised into triglycerides. These triglycerides are packaged into lipoproteins called chylomicrons.

On a piece of paper, draw the general structure of a lipoprotein.

Draw the structure of the following fatty acid.

Oleic acid 18: 1 (Δ⁹).

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Unsaturated fatty acids normally have cis-double bonds and these produce a kink in hydrocarbon chains.

True or False?