2000H​

0000H

8000H​

4000H

All three organizations will have the same miss rate in this scenario.

Direct-mapped.

Fully associative.

Set-associative.

The system will operate at a reduced memory capacity

The system will not be able to access any memory location.

Only the RAM chip with the malfunctioning chip select line will be accessible

Multiple RAM chips will respond simultaneously to the same address, leading to data corruption during read and write operations.

Cache memory

ALU carry logic

DMA controller

Control unit

F, B, C, D

F, E, A, B (F being the most recently used)

F, B, E, A

F, E, D, C

DMA disables interrupts forever

DMA reduces cache size

DMA uses CPU registers permanently

DMA steals memory bus cycles

Continuous data transfer is required without waiting

Memory size is extremely limited

Device speed equals CPU speed

Interrupts are disabled

Real-time audio streaming

Large disk block transfer

Network packet routing

Small-volume low-speed sensor reading

The tag bits

The index bits

The block offset

The cache line size