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ECNG2006 : Introduction to Micro-Processors (Semester II- 2025/2026)

ECNG2006 : Introduction to Micro-Processors (Semester II- 2025/2026)

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A µP-based system which you have prototyped, and written C code for, requires a processor-variant which is no longer available. Which of the following replacement option(s) would be easiest for you to use:

A processor-variant, which is supported by the same compiler as the original processor-variant, but has a different instruction set, and is supplied in a different package

A module supplied in the same package, which has the same instruction format as the original processor-variant, but is not pin compatible

A clone supplied in a different package to the original processor-variant

A pin compatible processor-variant, which is supported by the same compiler as the original processor-variant, and has the same instruction set/format.

✅

An upgraded processor-variant which is backwards compatible (instruction format) with the original, but is not supplied in the same package

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The CPU may access information from input devices using several different interfacing strategies. These include:

poll-on-interrupt

✅

Level-2 Cache

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

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A microcontroller may be supplied in different packages. Which ONE of the following statements is FALSE:

Different packages may have differing environmental tolerances

All packages will have the same operating voltages

✅

The spacing between the pins may be different for each package

The number and type of pins may be different for each package

Different packages may have differing maximum clock rates

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The memory map size affects the nature of the microprocessor-based system bus, because:

if the number of data and address lines are the same, the lines can be multiplexed.

the number of address lines must allow the entire address range to be addressed.

✅

the number of data lines must match the memory bit-width.

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Booths algorithm is carried on two 4 bit numbers. This will involve:

4 arithmetic shifts and a total of 8 add/subtract operation

8 logical shifts and less than 4 add/subtract opeartions

4 logical shifts and 4 or less add/subtract operations

4 arithmetic shifts and a total of 4 or less add/subtract operation

✅

5 arithmetic shifts and a total of 4 add/subtract operation

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We have three CPU's, which all use the same instruction format.

Processor A supports an add instruction.
Processors B and C support both add and multiply instructions.
Processor B has a 4-bit multiplier in the ALU.
Processor C has an 8-bit multiplication unit in the ALU.
All processors are accumulator-based and support load and store operations.
Processors A
and B are microprocessors manufactured using a 180nm process.
Processor C was assembled
from discrete components.

Which of the following statements are CORRECT.

Processors A and B have the same manufacturing process.

✅

C compiler generated code for Processor A, will also run on Processor C.

Processors B and C have the same organisation.

C compiler generated code for Processor C, will also run on Processor A.

Processors A and B support the same instruction set.

❌

C compiler generated code for Processor C, will also run on Processor B.

✅

Processors B and C have the same architecture.

Processors A and B have the same architecture.

To the assembly language programmer, Processors B and C are the same.

✅

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A UART is clocked at 10MHz. If we would like to sample the serial line 16 times per bit period, what is the approximate value which must be loaded into the baud rate divisor to achieve a baud rate of 9600 baud?

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You are told to choose a microcontroller based on its ability to perform 16 bit multiplication. The PIC16F18877 is under consideration. You could rule out the PIC16F18877 because of which of the following (if any):

The PIC16F18877 has Harvard architecture

The PIC16F18877 instructions operate on 8 bit data

none of these answers

✅

The PIC16F18877 does not have a multiply instruction

The PIC16F18877 has 14 bit instructions

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An assembly language program which accesses peripheral registers on the PC, uses the inp and outp assembly language instructions to access them. Date registers on the PC are accessed using the mov instructions. The PIC16F877 uses the same mov to access both data and peripheral registers. This is because:

all of these answers

The PIC16F877 has a memory mapped I/O system and the PC has an isolated I/O system

✅

none of these answers

The PIC16F877 has Harvard architecture and the PC has a Von Neumann architecture

The PIC16F877 is a RISC processor and the PC is a CISC processor

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The binary number 1011 1010 is subjected to the following operations:

  
     ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT
     ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT
     ARITHMETIC SHIFT RIGHT
     ARITHMETIC SHIFT LEFT
     LOGICAL    SHIFT RIGHT

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