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ECNG2006 : Introduction to Micro-Processors (Semester II- 2025/2026)

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An 8 bit counter/timer unit, and a signal of fixed frequency f are being used to estimate the frequency of an unknown oscillating signal. The minimum frequency which can be detected is approximately:

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Which of the following statements about data structures are NOT correct?

Data structures may be stored without alignment to data word boundaries.

Packing information into data structure implies that individual items within the data structure are not aligned.

Data items, within a data structure, may be aligned to data-word boundaries, without the structure being aligned to data-word boundaries

Data structures may be aligned to data-word boundaries, without alignment of individual data items within the structure.

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A PIC16F8877 Programmer has written three different routine(s) to multiply an unsigned 3-bit number stored in a register labelled RegA by 8, and return with the product in the working register.

In the particular application

there is no guarantee that the upper 5 bits of RegA are clear
the routine must complete within 10 instruction cycles regardless of the value in RegA

Which routine should be chosen?

Mul8I
      movf RegA,W
      btfsc STATUS,Z
      return
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      addwf RegA,W
      return

Mul8II
      movf RegA,W
      andlw 0x07
      addwf PCL,F
      retlw 0x00
      retlw 0x08 
      retlw 0x10
      retlw 0x18 
      retlw 0x20
      retlw 0x28               
      retlw 0x30 
      retlw 0x38

Mul8III
       bcf STATUS,C
       rlf RegA,W
       bcf STATUS,C
       rlf RegA,W 
       bcf STATUS,C
       rlf RegA,W 
       return

Mul8III

There is no clear advantage offered by any of these routines.

Mul8I

Mul8II

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  my_sub movlw 0x66
        addwf Reg,W
        btfsc STATUS,C
        retlw 1
        btfsc STATUS,DC
        retlw 1
        retlw 0

Choose the one incorrect statement. The above piece of code will:

run when the instruction call my_sub is executed.

add 0x66 to the contents of the working register, and return 1 if there is a carry or digit carry.

take a maximum of 8 instruction cycles to execute.

take a minimum of 5 instruction cycles to execute.

return either 0 or 1 in the working register.

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You have written a program for the PIC16F877 which uses interrupts from Timer0 to toggle the state of a port pin connected to an LED. When you start the program, the LED goes from off to on and then stays on. The port pin is the only one which is configured as an output. Which of the following is NOT a plausible explanation:

The wrong bit-logical instruction was used to toggle the port-pin.

The LED is connected to the wrong port-pin

The ISR did not clear the Timer0 flag

The ISR routine used the return instruction instead of the retfie and only ran once

The pin is toggling so fast that you can't see the LED flashing

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You are attempting to stop ALL interrupts from interfering with a section of your code. Which ONE of the following code wrapper snippets will do the job?

 
 redo  bcf    INTCON, GIE
       btfss  INTCON, GIE
       goto   redo
       ....
       bsf    INTCON, GIE

 
 redo  bsf    INTCON, GIE
       btfsc  INTCON, GIE
       goto   redo
       ....
       bcf    INTCON, GIE

 
 redo  bcf    INTCON, PEIE
       btfsc  INTCON, PEIE
       goto   redo
       ....
       bsf    INTCON, PEIE

 
 redo  bcf    INTCON, GIE
       btfsc  INTCON, GIE
       goto   redo
       ....
       bsf    INTCON, GIE

 
 redo  bsf    INTCON, GIE
       btfss  INTCON, GIE
       goto   redo
       ....
       bcf    INTCON, GIE

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If the byte 11010110₂, represented a packed BCD number, the BCD number would be:

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Which ONE of the following statements about the MPASM assembler directives is correct:

the END directive appears at the end of each subroutine

the BANKSEL directive is used to set the tristate registers

the INCLUDE directive is used to indicate the options to be used by the assembler

the ORG directive indicates the data memory location that the variable is stored at.

the DT directive is used for lookup tables

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If the value in the working register is 3 when the subroutine

lkup is called, what is the value returned in the working register?

 lkup 
     addwf PCL,F
     retlw .52 
     retlw .33 
     retlw .29 
     retlw .0

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We have a circuit in which a switch is connected to PORTB<6> and to ground. If PORTB pull-ups are enabled, all PORTB pins are configured as inputs, and no other PORTB pins are connected to circuitry, what value is placed in the working register by the instruction movf PORTB,W when the switch is ON?

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