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MedTech Ubuntu (MDU) is a South African medical technology manufacturer producing portable diagnostic screening devices used in rural clinics and public hospitals across Sub-Saharan Africa.
At the 2026 strategic planning meeting, the Marketing Director of MDU expressed concern about the reported profitability of the VitaScan Pro product line. She questioned whether the current method of allocating fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO) fairly reflects the actual consumption of resources by each product.
She stated:
“HealthLite monitors are produced in much higher volumes than VitaScan Pro. It does not seem reasonable that VitaScan Pro absorbs such a large portion of fixed overheads when HealthLite is manufactured in far greater quantities.”
The management accountant then recommended a review of the costing system. You were consulted as an expert in -Based Costing (ABC) to reassess how fixed manufacturing overheads should be allocated.
Production Plan for 2026
· VitaScan Pro units produced: 24 000
· HealthLite monitor units produced: 48 000
· Total budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO): R12 600 000
An analysis of the underlying activities for the upcoming 2026 financial year identified the following relationships between the total budgeted FMO of R12 600 000
Activity
|
VitaScan Pro
|
HealthLite
|
Total Allocation of FMO
R
|
Precision assembly and calibration
|
7minutes per unit
|
3 minutes per unit
|
5 670 000
|
Equipment reconfiguration and system adjustments
|
1 setup per
1 500 units
|
1 setup per 2500 units
|
3 780 000
|
Regulatory compliance and clinical validation testing
|
1 validation test on every 5th unit manufactured
|
1 validation test on every 8th unit manufactured
|
3 150 000
|
The precision assembly and calibration costs allocated to HealthLite is (rounded to two decimals) R__________.
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MedTech Ubuntu (MDU) is a South African medical technology manufacturer producing portable diagnostic screening devices used in rural clinics and public hospitals across Sub-Saharan Africa.
At the 2026 strategic planning meeting, the Marketing Director of MDU expressed concern about the reported profitability of the VitaScan Pro product line. She questioned whether the current method of allocating fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO) fairly reflects the actual consumption of resources by each product.
She stated:
“HealthLite monitors are produced in much higher volumes than VitaScan Pro. It does not seem reasonable that VitaScan Pro absorbs such a large portion of fixed overheads when HealthLite is manufactured in far greater quantities.”
The management accountant then recommended a review of the costing system. You were consulted as an expert in -Based Costing (ABC) to reassess how fixed manufacturing overheads should be allocated.
Production Plan for 2026
· VitaScan Pro units produced: 24 000
· HealthLite monitor units produced: 48 000
· Total budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO): R12 600 000
An analysis of the underlying activities for the upcoming 2026 financial year identified the following relationships between the total budgeted FMO of R12 600 000
Activity
|
VitaScan Pro
|
HealthLite
|
Total Allocation of FMO
R
|
Precision assembly and calibration
|
7minutes per unit
|
3 minutes per unit
|
5 670 000
|
Equipment reconfiguration and system adjustments
|
1 setup per
1 500 units
|
1 setup per 2500 units
|
3 780 000
|
Regulatory compliance and clinical validation testing
|
1 validation test on every 5th unit manufactured
|
1 validation test on every 8th unit manufactured
|
3 150 000
|
The precision assembly and calibration costs allocated to HealthLite is (rounded to two decimals) R__________.
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MedTech Ubuntu (MDU) is a South African medical technology manufacturer producing portable diagnostic screening devices used in rural clinics and public hospitals across Sub-Saharan Africa.
At the 2026 strategic planning meeting, the Marketing Director of MDU expressed concern about the reported profitability of the VitaScan Pro product line. She questioned whether the current method of allocating fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO) fairly reflects the actual consumption of resources by each product.
She stated:
“HealthLite monitors are produced in much higher volumes than VitaScan Pro. It does not seem reasonable that VitaScan Pro absorbs such a large portion of fixed overheads when HealthLite is manufactured in far greater quantities.”
The management accountant then recommended a review of the costing system. You were consulted as an expert in -Based Costing (ABC) to reassess how fixed manufacturing overheads should be allocated.
Production Plan for 2026
· VitaScan Pro units produced: 24 000
· HealthLite monitor units produced: 48 000
· Total budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO): R12 600 000
An analysis of the underlying activities for the upcoming 2026 financial year identified the following relationships between the total budgeted FMO of R12 600 000
Activity
|
VitaScan Pro
|
HealthLite
|
Total Allocation of FMO
R
|
Precision assembly and calibration
|
7minutes per unit
|
3 minutes per unit
|
5 670 000
|
Equipment reconfiguration and system adjustments
|
1 setup per
1 500 units
|
1 setup per 2500 units
|
3 780 000
|
Regulatory compliance and clinical validation testing
|
1 validation test on every 5th unit manufactured
|
1 validation test on every 8th unit manufactured
|
3 150 000
|
The precision assembly and calibration costs allocated to HealthLite is (rounded to two decimals) R__________.
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MedTech Ubuntu (MDU) is a South African medical technology manufacturer producing portable diagnostic screening devices used in rural clinics and public hospitals across Sub-Saharan Africa.
At the 2026 strategic planning meeting, the Marketing Director of MDU expressed concern about the reported profitability of the VitaScan Pro product line. She questioned whether the current method of allocating fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO) fairly reflects the actual consumption of resources by each product.
She stated:
“HealthLite monitors are produced in much higher volumes than VitaScan Pro. It does not seem reasonable that VitaScan Pro absorbs such a large portion of fixed overheads when HealthLite is manufactured in far greater quantities.”
The management accountant then recommended a review of the costing system. You were consulted as an expert in -Based Costing (ABC) to reassess how fixed manufacturing overheads should be allocated.
Production Plan for 2026
· VitaScan Pro units produced: 24 000
· HealthLite monitor units produced: 48 000
· Total budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO): R12 600 000
An analysis of the underlying activities for the upcoming 2026 financial year identified the following relationships between the total budgeted FMO of R12 600 000
Activity
|
VitaScan Pro
|
HealthLite
|
Total Allocation of FMO
R
|
Precision assembly and calibration
|
7minutes per unit
|
3 minutes per unit
|
5 670 000
|
Equipment reconfiguration and system adjustments
|
1 setup per
1 500 units
|
1 setup per 2500 units
|
3 780 000
|
Regulatory compliance and clinical validation testing
|
1 validation test on every 5th unit manufactured
|
1 validation test on every 8th unit manufactured
|
3 150 000
|
The precision assembly and calibration costs allocated to HealthLite is (rounded to two decimals) R__________.
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MedTech Ubuntu (MDU) is a South African medical technology manufacturer producing portable diagnostic screening devices used in rural clinics and public hospitals across Sub-Saharan Africa.
At the 2026 strategic planning meeting, the Marketing Director of MDU expressed concern about the reported profitability of the VitaScan Pro product line. She questioned whether the current method of allocating fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO) fairly reflects the actual consumption of resources by each product.
She stated:
“HealthLite monitors are produced in much higher volumes than VitaScan Pro. It does not seem reasonable that VitaScan Pro absorbs such a large portion of fixed overheads when HealthLite is manufactured in far greater quantities.”
The management accountant then recommended a review of the costing system. You were consulted as an expert in -Based Costing (ABC) to reassess how fixed manufacturing overheads should be allocated.
Production Plan for 2026
· VitaScan Pro units produced: 24 000
· HealthLite monitor units produced: 48 000
· Total budgeted fixed manufacturing overheads (FMO): R12 600 000
An analysis of the underlying activities for the upcoming 2026 financial year identified the following relationships between the total budgeted FMO of R12 600 000
Activity
|
VitaScan Pro
|
HealthLite
|
Total Allocation of FMO
R
|
Precision assembly and calibration
|
7minutes per unit
|
3 minutes per unit
|
5 670 000
|
Equipment reconfiguration and system adjustments
|
1 setup per
1 500 units
|
1 setup per 2500 units
|
3 780 000
|
Regulatory compliance and clinical validation testing
|
1 validation test on every 5th unit manufactured
|
1 validation test on every 8th unit manufactured
|
3 150 000
|
The precision assembly and calibration costs allocated to HealthLite is (rounded to two decimals) R__________.
Savanna Glow (Pty) Ltd manufactures two organic skincare products and is preparing its sales forecast for the next quarter (April–June 2025).
The marketing team provided the following estimates:
Product | Expected monthly sales (Units) | Selling price per unit (R) |
Body Butter | 6 000 | 250 |
Face Serum | 4 000 | 400 |
Additional information:
Savanna Glow (Pty) Ltd manufactures two organic skincare products and is preparing its sales forecast for the next quarter (April–June 2025).
The marketing team provided the following estimates:
Product
|
Expected monthly sales (Units)
|
Selling price per unit (R)
|
Body Butter
|
6 000
|
250
|
Face Serum
|
4 000
|
400
|
Additional information:
Sales
volumes are expected to increase by 15% in June only.
A
promotional campaign in May offers customers a 10% price reduction.
75% of
sales are collected immediately, while 25% are sold on credit.
50% of
the credit sales are collected in 30 days while 30% are collected in 60
days and the remaining 20% is collected within 90 days
The total budgeted cash sales for the quarter of Savannah Glow is R________
Choose the incorrect answer
uBisi Dairies (Pty) Ltd is a South African organic dairy processor based in KwaZulu-Natal. The company purchases raw organic milk from local farmers and processes the milk through a joint manufacturing process. Joint costs are allocated to the joint products using the physical measures method (litres).
uBisi uses the absorption costing system and values inventories using the FIFO method. uBisi has a 31 March financial year-end and budgeted to operate for 28 days during February 2026.
Production process
Raw milk is received, tested, chilled and pasteurised. During separation, the process yields three separately identifiable outputs at the split-off point:
Extract from the budget information for the month of February 2026
Details | Notes | Amount |
Joint Production cost |
|
|
· Raw Milk |
| R10,50 per litre |
· Direct Labour |
| R5,10 per litre |
· Production overheads |
| R2,90 per litre |
Further processing costs | 1.2 | ? |
Packaging costs | 1.3 | ? |
Selling Prices | 1.3 | ? |
Variable Selling costs | 1.3 | ? |
Additional information
1.1 The plant budgeted to process 80 000 litres of raw milk a day. The standard yield of the joint
process is that each litre of raw milk produces one litre of finished dairy product at the split-off point, distributed as follows:
· 55% Full cream milk (FCM)
· 40% Low-Fat Milk (LFM)
· 5% Cream (CRM)
1.2 After the split-off point, Full-Cream Milk and Low-Fat Milk require further processing. Full-Cream
Milk requires 4 machine minutes per litre, and Low-Fat Milk requires 3 machine minutes per litre. Machine processing costs amount to R140 per machine hour. Cream does not require any further processing.
1.3 Selling price and other costs
Detail | FCM R | LFM R | CRM R |
Budgeted selling price | 45,00 | 40,00 | 28,00 |
Packaging cost | 0,70 | 0,65 | 0,50 |
Variable selling and distribution | 1,20 | 1,10 | 1,80 |
In answering Question 17 only, assume that:
(i) the total budgeted joint costs allocated to the Low-Fat Milk (LFM) product were R16 000 000.
(ii) the budgeted yields in litres were 1 320 000; 960 000; and 120 000 for FCM; LFM; and CRM,
respectively; and
(iii) all other information remains as given.
The budgeted total gross profit of the Low-Fat Milk (LFM) product type (round the final answer to two decimal places) for March 2026 would be _______.
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uBisi Dairies (Pty) Ltd is a South African organic dairy processor based in KwaZulu-Natal. The company purchases raw organic milk from local farmers and processes the milk through a joint manufacturing process. Joint costs are allocated to the joint products using the physical measures method (litres).
uBisi uses the absorption costing system and values inventories using the FIFO method. uBisi has a 31 March financial year-end and budgeted to operate for 28 days during February 2026.
Production process
Raw milk is received, tested, chilled and pasteurised. During separation, the process yields three separately identifiable outputs at the split-off point:
Extract from the budget information for the month of February 2026
Details | Notes | Amount |
Joint Production cost |
|
|
· Raw Milk |
| R10,50 per litre |
· Direct Labour |
| R5,10 per litre |
· Production overheads |
| R2,90 per litre |
Further processing costs | 1.2 | ? |
Packaging costs | 1.3 | ? |
Selling Prices | 1.3 | ? |
Variable Selling costs | 1.3 | ? |
Additional information
1.1 The plant budgeted to process 80 000 litres of raw milk a day. The standard yield of the joint
process is that each litre of raw milk produces one litre of finished dairy product at the split-off point, distributed as follows:
· 55% Full cream milk (FCM)
· 40% Low-Fat Milk (LFM)
· 5% Cream (CRM)
1.2 After the split-off point, Full-Cream Milk and Low-Fat Milk require further processing. Full-Cream
Milk requires 4 machine minutes per litre, and Low-Fat Milk requires 3 machine minutes per litre. Machine processing costs amount to R140 per machine hour. Cream does not require any further processing.
1.3 Selling price and other costs
Detail | FCM R | LFM R | CRM R |
Budgeted selling price | 45,00 | 40,00 | 28,00 |
Packaging cost | 0,70 | 0,65 | 0,50 |
Variable selling and distribution | 1,20 | 1,10 | 0,80 |
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In answering Question 16 only, assume that:
(i) the total budgeted joint costs to be allocated to the joint products were
(ii) the budgeted yields in litres were 1 330 000; 950 000; and 120 000 for Full-Cream Milk (FCM).
Low-Fat Milk (LFM); and Cream (CRM), respectively; and
(iii) all other information remains as given.
The joint costs allocated to the Full-Cream Milk (FCM) product type (round the final answer to two decimal places) as reflected in the budgeted income statement for March 2026 would be _______.