Their exceptional variability of reference, which allows them to replace hundreds of nouns.

Their uniform set of morphological categories and syntactical functions.

The fact that they all serve to replace a noun in a sentence.

The way they denote reality, by indicating substances, qualities, or quantities, rather than naming or describing them.

Specifier, connected only with a single word or phrase.

Parenthetic part of the sentence or sentence-word.

Attribute, revealing various shades of certainty or probability.

Simple predicate, revealing grammatical modality.

The English article mainly functions to separate clauses from one another.

The English article is altogether unchangeable and does not have any of these grammatical categories.

The English article only has right-hand combinability with verbs.

The English article is homonymous with prepositions and conjunctions.

It is entirely independent of grammar and lexis.

It helps determine the meaning of content words like 'sweater' and 'sister'.

It is concerned only with the distinction between countable and uncountable nouns.

It is connected to grammar and can influence the interpretation of sentences (e.g., through stress).

The usage of special prepositions (e.g., till).

Its homonymy with adverbs and conjunctions.

The use of composite prepositions (e.g., instead of).

Preposition stranding.

It is represented by the pure base of the word without endings (the “zero ending”).

It is expressed by the single ending -s.

 It is marked by the preposition of.

It is expressed by the ending -es or a change in the root vowel.

As a particle; it serves to oppose all infinitives to all non-infinitives.

As a word-morpheme and group-morpheme; it can represent the whole analytical word.

As a grammatical morpheme; it forms tense opposemes, similar to the suffix -ed.

As a group-morpheme; it cannot be separated from the rest of the analytical word by other words.

By means of suppletivity, using entirely different word stems.

By the opposition of the zero morpheme in ten and the -th morpheme in tenth.

By the use of the definite article the with the cardinal form.

By combining two separate root numerals.

The Indicative mood is only used in declarative sentences, while the others are used in questions and commands.

The Indicative mood has only two-member opposemes, while the others have three-member opposemes.

The Indicative mood reflects the relation of the action to the speaker's object, while the others reflect the relation to the subject.

The Indicative mood presents the action as taking place in reality, while the other moods represent the action not as real, but as desired or imagined, thus discarding the notion of real time/tense.

It names feelings and will determination while functioning as a parenthetical element.

It possesses grammatical categories and typical stem-building elements.

It expresses emotions or will without naming them and has practically negative combinability.

It has a lexico-grammatical meaning of "modality" and reveals the speaker's attitude.