the strength of inductive

generalizations covaries with the number of observations

inductive generalizations cannot arise from observations, because observations

are always limited. Establishing generalizations requires a principle of

uniformity of nature, but this principle itself cannot be established by

observation or deductive inference; the principal can only be established by

inductive inference.... Leading to a vicious circle

the principal of the uniformity of nature can

underwrite inductive generalizations

the principal of the uniformity of nature, along

with knowledge of causal mechanisms, can justify inductive generalizations

inductive generalizations cannot arise from

observations but can be inferred by using deductive reasoning