Considere una economia oberta en un context de llarg termini. Indique quin conjunt de gràfics mostra què ocorre amb les exportacions netes (XN) i el tipus de canvi real (E), quan hi ha un empitjorament de les expectatives empresarials sobre el seus beneficis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal pneumonia) is one of the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia. S. pneumoniae is a Gram-positive, encapsulated coccus that grows in short chains. It is commonly treated in both children and adults with the β-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin. Briefly describe how amoxicillin targets this bacterium and rleate this to whether it has a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect. (3 marks)
There are three common mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer used by bacteria:
A. Give one contrasting or unique feature for each of the above three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer. (3 marks)
B. A very small number of bacteria are considered to be naturally competent or transformable. Which feature of these bacteria makes them "transformable"? (1 mark)
C. When genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another, there are three possible fates for the transferred DNA. Choose one of those fates and briefly explain the outcome in terms of the recipient cell. (1 + 2 marks)
Considere una economia oberta en un context de llarg termini. Indique quin conjunt de gràfics mostra què ocorre amb les exportacions netes (XN) i el tipus de canvi real (E), quan les autoritats decidixen disminuir els impostos al mateix temps que disminuïxen el gasto públic, per tal de no variar el dèficit públic.