A, B and C

B and C

To act as a permeability barrier between inside and outside

To use cholesterol to make the membrane more rigid

To provide structures that aid in cell recognition by the immune system

Cell membranes contain only phospholipid and protein molecules.

Micelles are tiny droplets of phospholipids in water. In each micelle the headgroups of the phopholipids are exposed to the water and the tailgroups protected from the water in the centre of the micelle.

Integral proteins can be removed from biological membranes by mild chemical treatments that leave the lipid bilayer intact.

The lipid bilayer of biological membranes is formed by phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic fatty-acid, tailgroups and hydrophobic headgroups.

The biological membrane is described as fluid because the phospholipid molecules but not the proteins can move around in the lipid bilayer.

The biological membrane is described as fluid because the phospholipid molecules and proteins can move within the lateral plane of the bilayer.

Cholesterol is present in the bilayer because it is a non-polar, hydrophobic molecule.

The lipid bilayer is so called because it is composed of both lipids and proteins.

The carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins are found on the intracellular surface of the membrane.

The lipid bilayer of biological membranes is formed by phospholipid molecules with hydrophilic tailgroups and hydrophobic headgroups.

Bind substrates and then undergo conformational change to transport substrates across membrane

The structures that allow cells to adhere together to form a tissue

The hydrophilic ends of the lipid bilayer, facing the aqueous environment outside the cell

The coat of glycolipids and glycoproteins across the outer cell membrane surface

Integral membrane proteins that form aqueous pores to allow movement of substances across the membrane

a relatively high concentration of calcium

a high concentration of organic ions and proteins

a high concentration of sodium and a low concentration of potassium

a relatively low concentration of magnesium

a high concentration of inorganic ions

It decreases the permeability of the membrane

It increases the permeability of the membrane

It links together the membrane without the need for covalent bonds

It allows the phospholipids of the membrane to easily move laterally

It links cells to withstand stress and stretching

Are membrane-associated proteins that are associated but not inserted into the cell membrane

Are integral proteins found either in the inner or the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

Are carrier proteins that bind substrate for transport across the membrane or channel proteins that form aqueous pores through the membrane

Are channel proteins that bind the substrate that needs to be transported across the membrane

Are carrier proteins that make up the secretory vesicles used for extrusion of products from the Golgi apparatus