Policy formulation

Problem identification

Information gathering

Policy legitimation

Welfare provision should depend on charitable resources.

Social services should be restricted to employed citizens.

Welfare assistance is primarily a family responsibility.

Socio-economic rights should be progressively realised.

Formal intervention should occur after market mechanisms fail.

Charitable assistance provides the main route to sustainable development.

Welfare should primarily address individual failure.

Social and economic development should be combined to address structural disadvantage.

Financial administration and fundraising

Statutory intervention and supervision

Research and policy advocacy

Counselling and crisis intervention

Capacity building is stronger when linked to realistic social and economic opportunities.

Empowerment depends exclusively on individual motivation.

Skills development should replace social protection.

Developmental interventions should avoid economic objectives.

Excessive community participation

Resource constraints affecting implementation

Successful policy legitimation

Inappropriate problem identification

Participation and empowerment

Charitable provision

Statutory authority

Means-tested eligibility

Adapt implementation to promote cultural sensitivity and inclusion.

Transfer responsibility to voluntary organisations.

Restrict participation to groups familiar with the existing system.

Retain the policy because identical services promote fairness.

Uniform interventions are necessary to ensure equitable treatment.

Cultural differences should determine whether communities qualify for services.

Policy development should prioritise similarities between communities over differences.

Diversity can influence how social needs are experienced and how interventions should be implemented.