National policies should establish different rights for different cultural groups.

Cultural practices should override statutory welfare requirements.

Diverse communities may require context-responsive ways of accessing and experiencing services.

National policy principles should be replaced by local cultural practices.

Legislative measures that regulate welfare provision

Policy frameworks that determine government responsibilities

Social welfare services that contribute to implementing broader policy objectives

Social welfare policies that establish national priorities

Universal provision across racial groups

Equal distribution of social services

Minimal government involvement in welfare provision

Racially segregated and unequal welfare provision

It transfers responsibility for unemployment entirely to individuals.

It makes social protection unnecessary once training begins.

It addresses immediate vulnerability while also strengthening opportunities for longer-term participation.

It restricts welfare support to economically productive people.

Operational planning

Lobbying for action

Policy evaluation

Policy implementation

The interests of government departments above those of other stakeholders

The preferred intervention after implementation has begun

Alternative responses, consequences, target groups and resource implications

The least expensive option regardless of its likely outcomes

Government integrates employment creation with social services.

A family receives temporary assistance after exhausting its own resources.

A municipality provides universal early childhood services to all families.

A community participates in a long-term economic empowerment programme.